Rethinking the Archaeology of “Rebels, Backsliders, and Idolaters”
نویسندگان
چکیده
Spanish ship Santa María ground to a halt on a coral reef off the coast of an island known to its Taíno inhabitants as Ayiti. The loss of don Cristóbal Colón’s flagship forced him to leave a contingent of thirty-nine crewmembers behind to construct a fortified settlement they dubbed Villa de la Navidad, while the admiral and the rest of his fleet departed to report to their sovereign patrons in Europe. When Colón returned to the island nine months later, he found the corpses of his men strewn along the coast, their fort burned to the ground. The colonists’ possessions were scattered about the remains of the settlement, with the Santa María’s anchor and remnants of European clothing discovered in the houses of a nearby village. None of the thirty-nine Spaniards had survived. They had been killed, the island’s native inhabitants reported, at the hands of neighboring Taíno warriors (Cohen 1969:90–91, 144–50). The fate of this abortive initial attempt at Spanish settlement in the “New World” calls attention to the fact that indigenous peoples resisted the European colonization of the Americas from the very beginning (Deagan, Chapter 3). This was not an anomalous incident, but merely the first episode in a long pattern of native opposition to Spanish colonialism that spanned more than three centuries and ranged across two continents. Historical documents record repeated challenges to colonial authority by 1
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